Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2024, Slovakia's jet fuel supply was 15 kt: 91% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (56%), Switzerland (8%) and Azerbaijan (5%), and 19% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia8.4 kt (est. 56%)Switzerland1.2 kt (est. 8%)Azerbaijan0.8 kt (est. 5%)Hungary0.6 kt (est. 4%)Norway0.2 kt (est. 2%)United States0.2 kt (est. 1%)Kazakhstan0.2 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins0.5 kt (est. 3%)Slovakia: crude not from imports2.7 kt (18%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)14 kt (91%)Germany1.3 kt (8%)Hungary0.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia: jet fuel supply15 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Hungary
- Russia8.4 kt (est. 56%)
- Switzerland1.2 kt (est. 8%)
- Azerbaijan0.8 kt (est. 5%)
- Hungary0.6 kt (est. 4%)
- Norway0.2 kt (est. 2%)
- United States0.2 kt (est. 1%)
- Kazakhstan0.2 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins0.5 kt (est. 3%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports2.7 kt (18%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: jet fuel supply | 13,602 | 90.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Slovakia: jet fuel supply | 1,270 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: jet fuel supply | 146 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 8,269 | 60.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 2,742 | 20.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Switzerland | Slovakia (own refineries) | 1,243 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia (own refineries) | 791 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia (own refineries) | 557 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 519 | 40.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 246 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 206 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 154 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 104 | 71.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 87 | 6.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 32 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 24 | 1.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 20 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 20 | 13.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 2 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-05 to 2024-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (2,742 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (87 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (44 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.