Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2024, Slovakia's petrol supply was 126 kt: 87% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Czechia (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (72%) and Azerbaijan (10%), and 10% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia91 kt (est. 72%)Azerbaijan12 kt (est. 10%)Kazakhstan4.3 kt (est. 3%)Hungary2.9 kt (est. 2%)Libya1.0 kt (est. <1%)Norway0.8 kt (est. <1%)Saudi Arabia0.7 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.6 kt (est. <1%)Slovakia: crude not from imports12 kt (9%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refineryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)110 kt (87%)Czechia9.7 kt (8%)Austria5.8 kt (5%)Hungary0.3 kt (<1%)Slovenialess than 0.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia: petrol supply126 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- Czechia
- Austria
- Hungary
- Slovenia
- Russia91 kt (est. 72%)
- Azerbaijan12 kt (est. 10%)
- Kazakhstan4.3 kt (est. 3%)
- Hungary2.9 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya1.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Norway0.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Saudi Arabia0.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports12 kt (9%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refineryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: petrol supply | 110,297 | 87.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: petrol supply | 9,721 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: petrol supply | 5,795 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: petrol supply | 313 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 87,764 | 79.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 11,577 | 10.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia (own refineries) | 8,027 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 4,054 | 41.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia (own refineries) | 2,929 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 2,814 | 29.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 2,772 | 47.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 1,493 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 961 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 721 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 651 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 589 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 388 | 6.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Czechia | 367 | 3.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 342 | 3.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Hungary | 231 | 73.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria | 185 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 178 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 41 | 13.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 36 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 25 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 5 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of petrol in 2024-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-06 to 2024-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (11,577 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (770 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (367 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (25 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.