Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2024, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 359 kt: 56% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (23%) and Czechia (13%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (55%) and Azerbaijan (8%), and 25% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia199 kt (est. 55%)Azerbaijan28 kt (est. 8%)Kazakhstan16 kt (est. 5%)Saudi Arabia9.4 kt (est. 3%)Norway4.4 kt (est. 1%)Hungary4.2 kt (est. 1%)Libya3.0 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins5.2 kt (est. 1%)United Kingdom: no crude data84 kt (23%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery1.4 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)201 kt (56%)United Kingdom84 kt (23%)Czechia48 kt (13%)Austria15 kt (4%)Germany7.8 kt (2%)Slovenia1.4 kt (<1%)Croatia1.0 kt (<1%)Hungary0.2 kt (<1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply359 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Austria
- Germany
- Slovenia
- Croatia
- Hungary
- Russia199 kt (est. 55%)
- Azerbaijan28 kt (est. 8%)
- Kazakhstan16 kt (est. 5%)
- Saudi Arabia9.4 kt (est. 3%)
- Norway4.4 kt (est. 1%)
- Hungary4.2 kt (est. 1%)
- Libya3.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins5.2 kt (est. 1%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data84 kt (23%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery1.4 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 201,202 | 56.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 83,977 | 23.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 48,412 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 14,923 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 7,815 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 1,400 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 986 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 182,542 | 90.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 83,977 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 19,755 | 40.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 16,467 | 34.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 7,968 | 53.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 7,477 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 7,322 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia (own refineries) | 7,145 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia (own refineries) | 4,193 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 3,424 | 43.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 2,997 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,192 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,877 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,728 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Czechia | 1,687 | 3.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 1,400 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,397 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 914 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 856 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 786 | 5.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 524 | 53.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 492 | 6.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Croatia | 375 | 38.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 373 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 271 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 232 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 229 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 122 | 73.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Croatia | 87 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 23 | 13.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 14 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 7 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-07 to 2024-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (83,977 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,179 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,444 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (1,400 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.