Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2024, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 338 kt: 45% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (25%), Czechia (16%) and Austria (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (47%), Azerbaijan (11%) and Kazakhstan (6%), and 29% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia160 kt (est. 47%)Azerbaijan36 kt (est. 11%)Kazakhstan20 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia8.3 kt (est. 2%)Norway3.8 kt (est. 1%)United States2.5 kt (est. <1%)Libya2.4 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins6.7 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom: no crude data85 kt (25%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports6.1 kt (2%)Slovenia: no refinery5.6 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)151 kt (45%)United Kingdom85 kt (25%)Czechia55 kt (16%)Austria19 kt (6%)Germany13 kt (4%)Slovenia5.6 kt (2%)Hungary5.2 kt (2%)Croatia3.7 kt (1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply338 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Austria
- Germany
- Slovenia
- Hungary
- Croatia
- Russia160 kt (est. 47%)
- Azerbaijan36 kt (est. 11%)
- Kazakhstan20 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia8.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Norway3.8 kt (est. 1%)
- United States2.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Libya2.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins6.7 kt (est. 2%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data85 kt (25%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports6.1 kt (2%)
- Slovenia: no refinery5.6 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 151,412 | 44.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 85,086 | 25.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 55,286 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 18,979 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 12,933 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 5,591 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 5,204 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 3,659 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 134,901 | 89.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 85,086 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 21,298 | 38.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 20,826 | 37.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia (own refineries) | 10,948 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 9,664 | 50.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 8,576 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 5,591 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 5,562 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 4,134 | 79.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 3,649 | 28.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 3,016 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,811 | 21.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 2,554 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 2,527 | 69.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,485 | 13.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 2,160 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,731 | 13.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,500 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,308 | 6.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 1,173 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 1,005 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 942 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Croatia | 786 | 21.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 760 | 14.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 709 | 5.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Czechia | 565 | 1.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 474 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Croatia | 346 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 297 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 264 | 2.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 208 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 194 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 102 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-08 to 2024-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (85,086 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (6,133 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovenia: no refinery (5,591 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,274 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.