Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2025, Slovakia's petrol supply was 88 kt: 83% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Czechia (9%) and Austria (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (74%), Azerbaijan (10%) and Kazakhstan (5%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia65 kt (est. 74%)Azerbaijan8.4 kt (est. 10%)Kazakhstan4.7 kt (est. 5%)Saudi Arabia3.6 kt (est. 4%)Libya1.0 kt (est. 1%)Algeria0.2 kt (est. <1%)Croatialess than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Slovakia: crude not from imports4.1 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)73 kt (83%)Czechia8.1 kt (9%)Austria6.6 kt (8%)Hungary0.2 kt (<1%)Slovakia: petrol supply88 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- Czechia
- Austria
- Hungary
- Russia65 kt (est. 74%)
- Azerbaijan8.4 kt (est. 10%)
- Kazakhstan4.7 kt (est. 5%)
- Saudi Arabia3.6 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya1.0 kt (est. 1%)
- Algeria0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Croatialess than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports4.1 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: petrol supply | 73,316 | 83.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: petrol supply | 8,067 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: petrol supply | 6,624 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: petrol supply | 208 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 61,192 | 83.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia (own refineries) | 5,020 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 4,089 | 5.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Czechia | 3,721 | 46.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 3,612 | 54.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 3,203 | 39.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 3,015 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,050 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 1,034 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 595 | 9.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 594 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 385 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 219 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Austria | 168 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 151 | 72.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 109 | 1.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 40 | 19.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 10 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia | Hungary | 7 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of petrol in 2025-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-11 to 2025-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (4,089 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (595 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (534 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.