Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, Slovakia's jet fuel supply was 14 kt: 100% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (98%), and 1% cannot be traced.
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: jet fuel supply | 13,558 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 13,232 | 97.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 179 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 146 | 1.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-02 to 2025-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (146 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.