Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, Slovakia's petrol supply was 116 kt: 86% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Czechia (8%) and Austria (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (85%), and 4% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia99 kt (est. 85%)Kazakhstan5.3 kt (est. 5%)Azerbaijan3.6 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia2.0 kt (est. 2%)Libya1.3 kt (est. 1%)Norway0.5 kt (est. <1%)United States0.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Czechia: crude not from imports2.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.8 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)100 kt (86%)Czechia9.6 kt (8%)Austria6.9 kt (6%)Hungary0.3 kt (<1%)Slovakia: petrol supply116 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- Czechia
- Austria
- Hungary
- Russia99 kt (est. 85%)
- Kazakhstan5.3 kt (est. 5%)
- Azerbaijan3.6 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia2.0 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya1.3 kt (est. 1%)
- Norway0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- United States0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports2.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.8 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: petrol supply | 99,667 | 85.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: petrol supply | 9,553 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: petrol supply | 6,912 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: petrol supply | 257 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 97,272 | 97.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 3,556 | 37.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 3,541 | 51.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia | 2,054 | 21.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 1,737 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 1,708 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 1,319 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,274 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 1,076 | 1.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 674 | 9.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 655 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 586 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Czechia | 499 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 199 | 77.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 129 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 52 | 20.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 49 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Hungary | 6 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of petrol in 2025-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-02 to 2025-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (2,054 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,802 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (586 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.