Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2025, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 420 kt: 50% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (30%) and Czechia (13%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (48%) and Azerbaijan (6%), and 34% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia201 kt (est. 48%)Azerbaijan23 kt (est. 6%)Kazakhstan19 kt (est. 4%)Saudi Arabia11 kt (est. 3%)Norway9.5 kt (est. 2%)Libya4.4 kt (est. 1%)Hungary3.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins5.7 kt (est. 1%)United Kingdom: no crude data125 kt (30%)Czechia: crude not from imports8.4 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.6 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no refinery2.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)210 kt (50%)United Kingdom125 kt (30%)Czechia54 kt (13%)Austria17 kt (4%)Germany12 kt (3%)Slovenia2.5 kt (<1%)Hungary0.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply420 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Austria
- Germany
- Slovenia
- Hungary
- Russia201 kt (est. 48%)
- Azerbaijan23 kt (est. 6%)
- Kazakhstan19 kt (est. 4%)
- Saudi Arabia11 kt (est. 3%)
- Norway9.5 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya4.4 kt (est. 1%)
- Hungary3.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins5.7 kt (est. 1%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data125 kt (30%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports8.4 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.6 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery2.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 209,978 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 125,321 | 29.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 53,724 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 16,639 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 11,629 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 2,492 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 198,510 | 94.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 125,321 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 22,516 | 41.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 9,622 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia | 8,403 | 15.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 7,830 | 47.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 7,537 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 5,216 | 44.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 5,142 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 3,592 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 3,165 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Hungary | Slovakia (own refineries) | 3,161 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,697 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 2,492 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 2,367 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 2,053 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,917 | 16.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,685 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,430 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,427 | 8.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 1,065 | 6.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 944 | 8.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 723 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 530 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 231 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 206 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 39 | 74.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 9 | 17.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 3 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 1 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Hungary | 1 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-03 to 2025-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (125,321 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Czechia: crude not from imports (8,403 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (4,601 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (2,492 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,009 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.