Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2025, Slovakia's petrol supply was 133 kt: 88% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Czechia (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (67%), Saudi Arabia (8%) and Azerbaijan (7%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia89 kt (est. 67%)Saudi Arabia10 kt (est. 8%)Azerbaijan8.7 kt (est. 7%)Hungary7.5 kt (est. 6%)Kazakhstan4.6 kt (est. 3%)Norway3.2 kt (est. 2%)Libya0.5 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.7 kt (est. <1%)Slovakia: crude not from imports8.3 kt (6%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)118 kt (88%)Czechia9.4 kt (7%)Austria5.9 kt (4%)Hungary0.2 kt (<1%)Slovakia: petrol supply133 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- Czechia
- Austria
- Hungary
- Russia89 kt (est. 67%)
- Saudi Arabia10 kt (est. 8%)
- Azerbaijan8.7 kt (est. 7%)
- Hungary7.5 kt (est. 6%)
- Kazakhstan4.6 kt (est. 3%)
- Norway3.2 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports8.3 kt (6%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: petrol supply | 117,633 | 88.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: petrol supply | 9,402 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: petrol supply | 5,883 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: petrol supply | 205 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 88,786 | 75.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 8,347 | 7.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 8,151 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia (own refineries) | 7,518 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia (own refineries) | 4,831 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 3,732 | 39.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 3,207 | 34.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 3,167 | 53.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 1,444 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,151 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 1,018 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 658 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 465 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 227 | 3.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Hungary | 161 | 78.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 116 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 98 | 1.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 33 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 12 | 5.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of petrol in 2025-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-06 to 2025-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (8,347 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (239 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (98 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.