Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 422 kt: 55% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (23%) and Czechia (15%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (37%), Azerbaijan (12%) and Hungary (8%), and 25% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia154 kt (est. 37%)Azerbaijan51 kt (est. 12%)Hungary32 kt (est. 8%)Kazakhstan25 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia23 kt (est. 5%)Norway16 kt (est. 4%)Libya4.4 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins9.6 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom: no crude data95 kt (23%)Czechia: crude not from imports8.6 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.2 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)230 kt (55%)United Kingdom95 kt (23%)Czechia62 kt (15%)Austria19 kt (5%)Germany15 kt (4%)Hungary0.2 kt (<1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply422 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Czechia
- Austria
- Germany
- Hungary
- Russia154 kt (est. 37%)
- Azerbaijan51 kt (est. 12%)
- Hungary32 kt (est. 8%)
- Kazakhstan25 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia23 kt (est. 5%)
- Norway16 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya4.4 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins9.6 kt (est. 2%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data95 kt (23%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports8.6 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 229,768 | 54.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 95,305 | 22.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 61,851 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 19,160 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 15,301 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 154,254 | 67.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 95,305 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Hungary | Slovakia (own refineries) | 32,019 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia (own refineries) | 28,524 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 21,582 | 34.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 14,971 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 13,522 | 21.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 12,535 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 10,702 | 55.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia | 8,554 | 13.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 6,882 | 45.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 5,659 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,738 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 2,284 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,249 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 2,163 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 2,120 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,117 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,258 | 8.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 831 | 4.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 356 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 353 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 324 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 140 | 71.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 84 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 31 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 26 | 13.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-08 to 2025-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (95,305 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Czechia: crude not from imports (8,554 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,258 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,209 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.