Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, Slovakia's petrol supply was 130 kt: 85% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Czechia (10%) and Austria (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (52%), Saudi Arabia (15%) and Hungary (8%), and 5% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia67 kt (est. 52%)Saudi Arabia20 kt (est. 15%)Hungary10 kt (est. 8%)Azerbaijan9.9 kt (est. 8%)Kazakhstan6.6 kt (est. 5%)Ukraine4.0 kt (est. 3%)Norway2.8 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins2.1 kt (est. 2%)Slovakia: crude not from imports6.0 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)110 kt (85%)Czechia13 kt (10%)Austria7.0 kt (5%)Hungary0.2 kt (<1%)Italyless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia: petrol supply130 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- Czechia
- Austria
- Hungary
- Italy
- Russia67 kt (est. 52%)
- Saudi Arabia20 kt (est. 15%)
- Hungary10 kt (est. 8%)
- Azerbaijan9.9 kt (est. 8%)
- Kazakhstan6.6 kt (est. 5%)
- Ukraine4.0 kt (est. 3%)
- Norway2.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins2.1 kt (est. 2%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports6.0 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: petrol supply | 109,846 | 84.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: petrol supply | 12,804 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: petrol supply | 6,983 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: petrol supply | 156 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 67,271 | 61.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 16,720 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia (own refineries) | 10,391 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 6,046 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia (own refineries) | 5,368 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 4,488 | 35.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 4,187 | 60.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Ukraine | Slovakia (own refineries) | 4,049 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 2,789 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 2,631 | 20.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 2,361 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,112 | 30.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 535 | 4.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 453 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 163 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Hungary | 109 | 69.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 68 | 1.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 40 | 25.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 7 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 2 | 58.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovakia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 0 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovakia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 0 | 11.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 0 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovakia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 0 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovakia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 0 | 1.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Italy | 0 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovakia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of petrol in 2025-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-10 to 2025-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (6,046 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (739 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (0 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.