Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, Slovakia's road diesel supply was 402 kt: 64% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Switzerland (16%) and Czechia (11%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (48%) and Saudi Arabia (8%), and 24% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia192 kt (est. 48%)Saudi Arabia31 kt (est. 8%)Azerbaijan17 kt (est. 4%)Norway15 kt (est. 4%)Hungary13 kt (est. 3%)Kazakhstan13 kt (est. 3%)Ukraine9.3 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins15 kt (est. 4%)Switzerland: no crude data66 kt (16%)Slovakia: crude not from imports19 kt (5%)United Kingdom: no crude data10 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)258 kt (64%)Switzerland66 kt (16%)Czechia45 kt (11%)Austria13 kt (3%)Germany10 kt (3%)United Kingdom10 kt (2%)Hungary0.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia: road diesel supply402 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- Switzerland
- Czechia
- Austria
- Germany
- United Kingdom
- Hungary
- Russia192 kt (est. 48%)
- Saudi Arabia31 kt (est. 8%)
- Azerbaijan17 kt (est. 4%)
- Norway15 kt (est. 4%)
- Hungary13 kt (est. 3%)
- Kazakhstan13 kt (est. 3%)
- Ukraine9.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins15 kt (est. 4%)
- Switzerland: no crude data66 kt (16%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports19 kt (5%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data10 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 258,422 | 64.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Switzerland | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 65,608 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 45,278 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 12,860 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 10,259 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: road diesel supply | 10,000 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 192,416 | 74.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Switzerland: no crude data | Switzerland | 65,608 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 21,287 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 19,137 | 7.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 17,160 | 37.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 13,677 | 30.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia (own refineries) | 12,978 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 10,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Ukraine | Slovakia (own refineries) | 9,267 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 8,983 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 5,848 | 57.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 5,661 | 44.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 5,459 | 42.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 5,458 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia (own refineries) | 3,336 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,778 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,618 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,063 | 8.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 678 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 675 | 6.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 156 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 141 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 39 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 28 | 52.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 22 | 40.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 2 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Ukraine | Hungary | 1 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 0 | 0.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Slovakia’s supply of road diesel in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Switzerland: no crude data (65,608 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (19,137 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (10,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,241 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (675 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.