Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2026, Slovakia's petrol supply was 83 kt: 79% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Czechia (13%) and Austria (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (52%), Saudi Arabia (7%) and Libya (6%), and 14% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia44 kt (est. 52%)Saudi Arabia5.9 kt (est. 7%)Libya5.2 kt (est. 6%)Azerbaijan4.2 kt (est. 5%)Hungary3.9 kt (est. 5%)Kazakhstan3.5 kt (est. 4%)Norway3.5 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins2.3 kt (est. 3%)Slovakia: crude not from imports11 kt (13%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)66 kt (79%)Czechia11 kt (13%)Austria5.8 kt (7%)Hungary0.2 kt (<1%)Slovakia: petrol supply83 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- Czechia
- Austria
- Hungary
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: petrol supply | 66,170 | 79.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: petrol supply | 11,062 | 13.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: petrol supply | 5,836 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: petrol supply | 209 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 43,437 | 65.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 10,770 | 16.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 4,114 | 37.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia (own refineries) | 4,041 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 4,029 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia (own refineries) | 3,893 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 3,493 | 31.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 2,136 | 36.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,065 | 35.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 1,891 | 17.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 1,371 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,116 | 19.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 404 | 6.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 193 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 118 | 56.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 114 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 86 | 41.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 5 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of petrol in 2026-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-12 to 2026-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (10,770 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (522 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.