Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, Slovakia's jet fuel supply was 6.3 kt: 44% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (38%) and Germany (18%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (22%), Saudi Arabia (5%) and Libya (5%), and 51% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia1.4 kt (est. 22%)Saudi Arabia0.3 kt (est. 5%)Libya0.3 kt (est. 5%)Norway0.2 kt (est. 3%)United States0.2 kt (est. 3%)Kazakhstan0.1 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom0.1 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins0.4 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom: no crude data2.4 kt (38%)Slovakia: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (7%)Slovakia: crude not from imports0.4 kt (6%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)2.7 kt (44%)United Kingdom2.4 kt (38%)Germany1.2 kt (18%)Czechialess than 0.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia: jet fuel supply6.3 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Germany
- Czechia
- Russia1.4 kt (est. 22%)
- Saudi Arabia0.3 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya0.3 kt (est. 5%)
- Norway0.2 kt (est. 3%)
- United States0.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Kazakhstan0.1 kt (est. 2%)
- United Kingdom0.1 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins0.4 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data2.4 kt (38%)
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (7%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports0.4 kt (6%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: jet fuel supply | 2,749 | 43.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia: jet fuel supply | 2,392 | 38.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia: jet fuel supply | 1,152 | 18.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 2,392 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 1,386 | 50.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude origin not reported | Slovakia (own refineries) | 410 | 14.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 369 | 13.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 318 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 304 | 26.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 209 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia (own refineries) | 201 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 188 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 141 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 134 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 126 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia (own refineries) | 64 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 28 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 22 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 0 | 37.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 0 | 28.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 0 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 0 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-01 to 2026-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (2,392 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported (410 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (369 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (28 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.