Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, Slovakia's petrol supply was 60 kt: 69% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Czechia (16%) and Austria (14%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (35%), Saudi Arabia (13%) and Libya (8%), and 21% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia21 kt (est. 35%)Saudi Arabia7.9 kt (est. 13%)Libya4.6 kt (est. 8%)Azerbaijan3.5 kt (est. 6%)Kazakhstan3.3 kt (est. 5%)Norway2.5 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom1.1 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins3.6 kt (est. 6%)Slovakia: crude origin not reported6.2 kt (10%)Slovakia: crude not from imports5.6 kt (9%)Austria: crude not from imports1.0 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia (own refineries)42 kt (69%)Czechia10.0 kt (16%)Austria8.6 kt (14%)Hungary0.2 kt (<1%)Italyless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Slovakia: petrol supply60 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- Czechia
- Austria
- Hungary
- Italy
- Russia21 kt (est. 35%)
- Saudi Arabia7.9 kt (est. 13%)
- Libya4.6 kt (est. 8%)
- Azerbaijan3.5 kt (est. 6%)
- Kazakhstan3.3 kt (est. 5%)
- Norway2.5 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom1.1 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins3.6 kt (est. 6%)
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported6.2 kt (10%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports5.6 kt (9%)
- Austria: crude not from imports1.0 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: petrol supply | 41,637 | 68.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: petrol supply | 9,956 | 16.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia: petrol supply | 8,623 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: petrol supply | 236 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 20,999 | 50.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude origin not reported | Slovakia (own refineries) | 6,215 | 14.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 5,588 | 13.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 4,823 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 3,327 | 33.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia (own refineries) | 3,045 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 2,803 | 28.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 2,439 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,240 | 26.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 2,236 | 25.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,597 | 18.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Austria | 1,109 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 1,034 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria | 976 | 11.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia (own refineries) | 966 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 353 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 244 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 222 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 149 | 63.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Hungary | 44 | 18.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary | 17 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Hungary | 14 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 6 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Hungary | 6 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 0 | 29.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovakia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 0 | 27.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovakia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 0 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovakia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 0 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovakia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 0 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovakia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 0 | 6.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Italy | 0 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovakia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 0 | 1.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of petrol in 2026-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-01 to 2026-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported (6,215 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (5,588 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Austria: crude not from imports (976 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (149 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (0 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.