Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Slovakia's petrol supply was 131 kt: 91% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (20%), Saudi Arabia (17%) and the United Kingdom (16%), and 15% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia26 kt (est. 20%)Saudi Arabia23 kt (est. 17%)United Kingdom20 kt (est. 16%)Switzerland17 kt (est. 13%)Norway8.4 kt (est. 6%)Libya7.5 kt (est. 6%)Kazakhstan3.7 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins4.5 kt (est. 3%)Slovakia: crude origin not reported18 kt (14%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.9 kt (1%)Slovakia (own refineries)119 kt (91%)Austria6.2 kt (5%)Czechia5.6 kt (4%)Hungary0.2 kt (<1%)Slovakia: petrol supply131 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia (own refineries)
- Austria
- Czechia
- Hungary
- Russia26 kt (est. 20%)
- Saudi Arabia23 kt (est. 17%)
- United Kingdom20 kt (est. 16%)
- Switzerland17 kt (est. 13%)
- Norway8.4 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya7.5 kt (est. 6%)
- Kazakhstan3.7 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins4.5 kt (est. 3%)
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported18 kt (14%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.9 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia (own refineries) | Slovakia: petrol supply | 118,849 | 90.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Austria | Slovakia: petrol supply | 6,239 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia: petrol supply | 5,559 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovakia: petrol supply | 183 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 26,121 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia (own refineries) | 20,434 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia (own refineries) | 19,943 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude origin not reported | Slovakia (own refineries) | 18,155 | 15.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Switzerland | Slovakia (own refineries) | 17,283 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Slovakia (own refineries) | 7,819 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia (own refineries) | 6,738 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 2,811 | 45.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 2,090 | 37.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 1,623 | 29.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,616 | 25.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia (own refineries) | 1,221 | 1.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Slovakia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia (own refineries) | 1,136 | 1.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 921 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 684 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 604 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Slovakia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Austria | 507 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 340 | 5.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 321 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 282 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovakia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 86 | 47.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Hungary | 40 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 22 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary | 13 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Hungary | 13 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 5 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 4 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovakia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovakia’s supply of petrol in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported (18,155 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,884 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.