Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, Slovenia's petrol supply was 19 kt, all of it imported, from Austria (74%) and Hungary (26%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (29%), the Russia (20%) and Libya (15%), and 11% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan5.4 kt (est. 29%)Russia3.8 kt (est. 20%)Libya2.9 kt (est. 15%)Iraq2.5 kt (est. 13%)Saudi Arabia1.3 kt (est. 7%)Israel0.5 kt (est. 3%)Azerbaijan0.2 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins0.2 kt (est. <1%)Austria: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (5%)Hungary: crude not from imports0.8 kt (4%)Austria: crude not from imports0.4 kt (2%)Austria14 kt (74%)Hungary5.0 kt (26%)Slovenia: petrol supply19 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan5.4 kt (est. 29%)
- Russia3.8 kt (est. 20%)
- Libya2.9 kt (est. 15%)
- Iraq2.5 kt (est. 13%)
- Saudi Arabia1.3 kt (est. 7%)
- Israel0.5 kt (est. 3%)
- Azerbaijan0.2 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (5%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports0.8 kt (4%)
- Austria: crude not from imports0.4 kt (2%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | Slovenia: petrol supply | 14,000 | 73.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: petrol supply | 5,000 | 26.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 5,279 | 37.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 3,850 | 77.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,939 | 21.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria | 2,483 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,299 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria | 938 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary | 843 | 16.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Israel | Austria | 478 | 3.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria | 372 | 2.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 201 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 154 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 154 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-07 to 2023-09. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of petrol in 2023-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-07 to 2023-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude origin not reported (938 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (843 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Austria: crude not from imports (372 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.