Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, Slovenia's petrol supply was 58 kt, all of it imported, from Bulgaria (57%), Austria (36%) and Hungary (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (15%), Libya (9%) and the Russia (6%), and 59% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan8.5 kt (est. 15%)Libya5.3 kt (est. 9%)Russia3.7 kt (est. 6%)Iraq3.3 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia1.8 kt (est. 3%)Azerbaijan0.7 kt (est. 1%)Israel0.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.1 kt (est. <1%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported33 kt (57%)Austria: crude not from imports1.2 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Bulgaria33 kt (57%)Austria21 kt (36%)Hungary4.0 kt (7%)Slovenia: petrol supply58 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan8.5 kt (est. 15%)
- Libya5.3 kt (est. 9%)
- Russia3.7 kt (est. 6%)
- Iraq3.3 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia1.8 kt (est. 3%)
- Azerbaijan0.7 kt (est. 1%)
- Israel0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported33 kt (57%)
- Austria: crude not from imports1.2 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria | Slovenia: petrol supply | 33,000 | 56.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovenia: petrol supply | 21,000 | 36.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: petrol supply | 4,000 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria | 33,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 8,448 | 40.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 5,301 | 25.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 3,711 | 92.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria | 3,346 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,755 | 8.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,241 | 5.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 728 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 198 | 4.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Israel | Austria | 167 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 78 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 13 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of petrol in 2023-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-08 to 2023-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (33,000 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude not from imports (1,241 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (198 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.