Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, Slovenia's petrol supply was 17 kt, all of it imported, from Hungary (65%), Italy (29%) and Austria (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (49%), Kazakhstan (10%) and Libya (6%), and 14% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia8.3 kt (est. 49%)Kazakhstan1.6 kt (est. 10%)Libya1.1 kt (est. 6%)Azerbaijan0.8 kt (est. 5%)United States0.6 kt (est. 3%)Iraq0.5 kt (est. 3%)Nigeria0.3 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins1.4 kt (est. 8%)Hungary: crude not from imports1.9 kt (11%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (1%)Hungary11 kt (65%)Italy5.0 kt (29%)Austria1.0 kt (6%)Slovenia: petrol supply17 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Russia8.3 kt (est. 49%)
- Kazakhstan1.6 kt (est. 10%)
- Libya1.1 kt (est. 6%)
- Azerbaijan0.8 kt (est. 5%)
- United States0.6 kt (est. 3%)
- Iraq0.5 kt (est. 3%)
- Nigeria0.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins1.4 kt (est. 8%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports1.9 kt (11%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary | Slovenia: petrol supply | 11,000 | 64.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia: petrol supply | 5,000 | 29.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovenia: petrol supply | 1,000 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary | 8,272 | 75.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary | 1,860 | 16.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 1,015 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 905 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 769 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 600 | 12.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 569 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 568 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 484 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 474 | 47.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Italy | 348 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 299 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 172 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 169 | 3.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 141 | 2.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 123 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 120 | 12.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 57 | 5.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 41 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 13 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of petrol in 2024-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-12 to 2024-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Hungary: crude not from imports (1,860 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (289 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (198 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.