Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2024, Slovenia's petrol supply was 60 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Italy (63%), Austria (17%) and Croatia (17%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (20%), Kazakhstan (17%) and Libya (14%), and 10% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan12 kt (est. 20%)Kazakhstan10 kt (est. 17%)Libya8.7 kt (est. 14%)United States4.0 kt (est. 7%)Nigeria3.9 kt (est. 7%)Iraq3.8 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia3.0 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins8.0 kt (est. 13%)Croatia: crude not from imports3.8 kt (6%)Italy: crude not from imports1.6 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (1%)Italy38 kt (63%)Austria10 kt (17%)Croatia10 kt (17%)Hungary2.0 kt (3%)Slovenia: petrol supply60 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Azerbaijan12 kt (est. 20%)
- Kazakhstan10 kt (est. 17%)
- Libya8.7 kt (est. 14%)
- United States4.0 kt (est. 7%)
- Nigeria3.9 kt (est. 7%)
- Iraq3.8 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia3.0 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins8.0 kt (est. 13%)
- Croatia: crude not from imports3.8 kt (6%)
- Italy: crude not from imports1.6 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | Slovenia: petrol supply | 38,000 | 63.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovenia: petrol supply | 10,000 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Slovenia: petrol supply | 10,000 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: petrol supply | 2,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Libya | Italy | 7,211 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 6,457 | 17.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 5,978 | 15.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 5,339 | 53.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 5,319 | 53.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 4,905 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 3,927 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia: crude not from imports | Croatia | 3,800 | 38.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Italy | 3,121 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Italy | 3,055 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 1,777 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 1,570 | 4.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 1,559 | 77.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,469 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,258 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Croatia | 881 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria | 675 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 526 | 5.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 436 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 276 | 13.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 250 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 165 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 47 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of petrol in 2024-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-07 to 2024-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Croatia: crude not from imports (3,800 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Italy: crude not from imports (1,570 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (802 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.