Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2024, Slovenia's petrol supply was 50 kt, all of it imported, mainly from the Netherlands (56%), Austria (20%) and Croatia (20%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (17%), Azerbaijan (15%) and the United States (13%), and 11% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan8.3 kt (est. 17%)Azerbaijan7.5 kt (est. 15%)United States6.6 kt (est. 13%)Norway5.0 kt (est. 10%)Iraq3.4 kt (est. 7%)United Kingdom2.7 kt (est. 5%)Nigeria2.1 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins8.8 kt (est. 18%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported2.3 kt (5%)Croatia: crude not from imports2.1 kt (4%)Austria: crude not from imports0.7 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)Netherlands28 kt (56%)Austria10 kt (20%)Croatia10 kt (20%)Hungary2.0 kt (4%)Slovenia: petrol supply50 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Netherlands
- Croatia
- Austria
- Hungary
- Kazakhstan8.3 kt (est. 17%)
- Azerbaijan7.5 kt (est. 15%)
- United States6.6 kt (est. 13%)
- Norway5.0 kt (est. 10%)
- Iraq3.4 kt (est. 7%)
- United Kingdom2.7 kt (est. 5%)
- Nigeria2.1 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins8.8 kt (est. 18%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported2.3 kt (5%)
- Croatia: crude not from imports2.1 kt (4%)
- Austria: crude not from imports0.7 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Slovenia: petrol supply | 28,000 | 56.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovenia: petrol supply | 10,000 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Slovenia: petrol supply | 10,000 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: petrol supply | 2,000 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 6,907 | 69.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 6,425 | 22.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Slovenia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 5,092 | 50.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 5,017 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Slovenia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 4,471 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Slovenia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 3,211 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Slovenia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 2,746 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Slovenia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,694 | 26.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 2,645 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Slovenia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 2,316 | 8.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Croatia: crude not from imports | Croatia | 2,147 | 21.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 1,669 | 83.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 1,170 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Slovenia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Croatia | 946 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria | 751 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria | 689 | 6.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 618 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 292 | 14.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Austria | 157 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 39 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of petrol in 2024-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-08 to 2024-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (2,316 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Croatia: crude not from imports (2,147 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Austria: crude not from imports (689 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (292 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.