Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Slovenia's petrol supply was 50 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Italy (54%), Croatia (24%) and Austria (20%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (27%), Kazakhstan (18%) and Libya (12%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan14 kt (est. 27%)Kazakhstan9.0 kt (est. 18%)Libya5.9 kt (est. 12%)Nigeria4.1 kt (est. 8%)Saudi Arabia3.4 kt (est. 7%)Iraq2.6 kt (est. 5%)United States2.6 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins5.9 kt (est. 12%)Italy: crude not from imports1.7 kt (3%)Austria: crude not from imports0.6 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Italy27 kt (54%)Croatia12 kt (24%)Austria10 kt (20%)Hungary1.0 kt (2%)Slovenia: petrol supply50 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Azerbaijan14 kt (est. 27%)
- Kazakhstan9.0 kt (est. 18%)
- Libya5.9 kt (est. 12%)
- Nigeria4.1 kt (est. 8%)
- Saudi Arabia3.4 kt (est. 7%)
- Iraq2.6 kt (est. 5%)
- United States2.6 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins5.9 kt (est. 12%)
- Italy: crude not from imports1.7 kt (3%)
- Austria: crude not from imports0.6 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | Slovenia: petrol supply | 27,000 | 54.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Slovenia: petrol supply | 12,000 | 24.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovenia: petrol supply | 10,000 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: petrol supply | 1,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 8,434 | 70.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 5,410 | 54.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 4,543 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 4,391 | 16.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 4,104 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 3,603 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 2,414 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Croatia | 2,230 | 18.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 2,130 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 1,960 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Italy | 1,876 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 1,711 | 6.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,428 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Croatia | 1,336 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 820 | 82.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 756 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria | 587 | 5.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 545 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 492 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria | 491 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 268 | 1.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 180 | 18.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Austria | 158 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Slovenia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 133 | 1.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of petrol in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Italy: crude not from imports (1,711 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Austria: crude not from imports (587 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (401 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (180 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.