Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, Slovenia's petrol supply was 52 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Italy (77%) and Croatia (21%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (25%), Libya (17%) and Kazakhstan (10%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan13 kt (est. 25%)Libya8.8 kt (est. 17%)Kazakhstan5.4 kt (est. 10%)Nigeria4.3 kt (est. 8%)Iraq3.4 kt (est. 7%)Saudi Arabia3.2 kt (est. 6%)United States2.6 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins8.0 kt (est. 15%)Italy: crude not from imports1.9 kt (4%)Croatia: crude not from imports0.9 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Italy40 kt (77%)Croatia11 kt (21%)Hungary1.0 kt (2%)Slovenia: petrol supply52 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Azerbaijan13 kt (est. 25%)
- Libya8.8 kt (est. 17%)
- Kazakhstan5.4 kt (est. 10%)
- Nigeria4.3 kt (est. 8%)
- Iraq3.4 kt (est. 7%)
- Saudi Arabia3.2 kt (est. 6%)
- United States2.6 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins8.0 kt (est. 15%)
- Italy: crude not from imports1.9 kt (4%)
- Croatia: crude not from imports0.9 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | Slovenia: petrol supply | 40,000 | 76.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Slovenia: petrol supply | 11,000 | 21.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: petrol supply | 1,000 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Libya | Italy | 7,515 | 18.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 7,233 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 6,707 | 61.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 6,169 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 5,403 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 3,406 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 3,179 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 2,601 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Italy | 2,244 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Croatia | 2,089 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 1,878 | 4.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Croatia | 1,255 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia: crude not from imports | Croatia | 949 | 8.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 805 | 80.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 372 | 0.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 156 | 15.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 39 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of petrol in 2024-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-10 to 2024-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Italy: crude not from imports (1,878 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Croatia: crude not from imports (949 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (372 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (156 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.