Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2025, Slovenia's petrol supply was 51 kt, all of it imported, from Italy (67%), Croatia (27%) and Hungary (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (31%), Libya (15%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan16 kt (est. 31%)Libya7.7 kt (est. 15%)Kazakhstan6.4 kt (est. 12%)Nigeria3.3 kt (est. 7%)Russia2.2 kt (est. 4%)United States2.0 kt (est. 4%)Iraq1.6 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins5.7 kt (est. 11%)Italy: crude not from imports3.5 kt (7%)Croatia: crude not from imports2.3 kt (4%)Hungary: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)Italy34 kt (67%)Croatia14 kt (27%)Hungary3.0 kt (6%)Slovenia: petrol supply51 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Azerbaijan16 kt (est. 31%)
- Libya7.7 kt (est. 15%)
- Kazakhstan6.4 kt (est. 12%)
- Nigeria3.3 kt (est. 7%)
- Russia2.2 kt (est. 4%)
- United States2.0 kt (est. 4%)
- Iraq1.6 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins5.7 kt (est. 11%)
- Italy: crude not from imports3.5 kt (7%)
- Croatia: crude not from imports2.3 kt (4%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | Slovenia: petrol supply | 34,000 | 66.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Slovenia: petrol supply | 14,000 | 27.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: petrol supply | 3,000 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 9,350 | 66.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 7,744 | 22.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 6,381 | 18.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 5,613 | 16.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 5,354 | 15.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 3,546 | 10.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Croatia: crude not from imports | Croatia | 2,284 | 16.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Hungary | 2,222 | 74.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 2,009 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Italy | 1,795 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 1,559 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Croatia | 1,521 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia | 845 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary | 514 | 17.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 170 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 47 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Hungary | 46 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of petrol in 2025-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-03 to 2025-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Italy: crude not from imports (3,546 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Croatia: crude not from imports (2,284 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (514 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.