Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2025, Slovenia's petrol supply was 44 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Italy (66%) and Croatia (30%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Libya (20%), Azerbaijan (19%) and Kazakhstan (19%), and 11% cannot be traced.
Country
Libya8.8 kt (est. 20%)Azerbaijan8.4 kt (est. 19%)Kazakhstan8.1 kt (est. 19%)Nigeria3.0 kt (est. 7%)Iraq1.8 kt (est. 4%)Saudi Arabia1.8 kt (est. 4%)United States1.6 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins5.5 kt (est. 13%)Italy: crude not from imports3.1 kt (7%)Croatia: crude not from imports1.6 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Italy29 kt (66%)Croatia13 kt (30%)Hungary2.0 kt (5%)Slovenia: petrol supply44 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Libya8.8 kt (est. 20%)
- Azerbaijan8.4 kt (est. 19%)
- Kazakhstan8.1 kt (est. 19%)
- Nigeria3.0 kt (est. 7%)
- Iraq1.8 kt (est. 4%)
- Saudi Arabia1.8 kt (est. 4%)
- United States1.6 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins5.5 kt (est. 13%)
- Italy: crude not from imports3.1 kt (7%)
- Croatia: crude not from imports1.6 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | Slovenia: petrol supply | 29,000 | 65.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Slovenia: petrol supply | 13,000 | 29.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: petrol supply | 2,000 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Libya | Italy | 5,908 | 20.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 5,065 | 17.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 4,288 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 3,876 | 13.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia | 3,691 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 3,309 | 25.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 3,058 | 10.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Croatia | 2,932 | 22.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 1,808 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 1,770 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 1,657 | 82.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 1,647 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia: crude not from imports | Croatia | 1,622 | 12.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Italy | 1,580 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Croatia | 1,446 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 179 | 9.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 163 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of petrol in 2025-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-05 to 2025-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Italy: crude not from imports (3,058 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Croatia: crude not from imports (1,622 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (179 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.