Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2025, Slovenia's petrol supply was 52 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Italy (54%), Croatia (33%) and the United Arab Emirates (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Libya (27%), Azerbaijan (14%) and Kazakhstan (9%), and 24% cannot be traced.
Country
Libya14 kt (est. 27%)Azerbaijan7.5 kt (est. 14%)Kazakhstan4.6 kt (est. 9%)United States2.5 kt (est. 5%)Saudi Arabia2.1 kt (est. 4%)Nigeria2.0 kt (est. 4%)Russia1.4 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins5.2 kt (est. 10%)United Arab Emirates: no crude data5.0 kt (10%)Croatia: crude not from imports4.9 kt (10%)Italy: crude not from imports2.3 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)Italy28 kt (54%)Croatia17 kt (33%)United Arab Emirates5.0 kt (10%)Hungary2.0 kt (4%)Slovenia: petrol supply52 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Italy
- Croatia
- United Arab Emirates
- Hungary
- Libya14 kt (est. 27%)
- Azerbaijan7.5 kt (est. 14%)
- Kazakhstan4.6 kt (est. 9%)
- United States2.5 kt (est. 5%)
- Saudi Arabia2.1 kt (est. 4%)
- Nigeria2.0 kt (est. 4%)
- Russia1.4 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins5.2 kt (est. 10%)
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data5.0 kt (10%)
- Croatia: crude not from imports4.9 kt (10%)
- Italy: crude not from imports2.3 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | Slovenia: petrol supply | 28,000 | 53.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Slovenia: petrol supply | 17,000 | 32.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Slovenia: petrol supply | 5,000 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: petrol supply | 2,000 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Libya | Croatia | 7,513 | 44.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 6,726 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 5,226 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Arab Emirates: no crude data | United Arab Emirates | 5,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Croatia: crude not from imports | Croatia | 4,947 | 29.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 4,230 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 3,226 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 2,981 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 2,527 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 2,290 | 8.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 2,067 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Italy | 1,953 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 1,430 | 71.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia | 1,315 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's petrol to Slovenia split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 297 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 273 | 13.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of petrol in 2025-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-07 to 2025-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data (5,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Croatia: crude not from imports (4,947 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Italy: crude not from imports (2,290 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (273 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.