Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, Sweden's road diesel supply was 740 kt: 81% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (8%) and Denmark (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (51%), the United Kingdom (14%) and the United States (13%), and 9% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway377 kt (est. 51%)United Kingdom107 kt (est. 14%)United States99 kt (est. 13%)Nigeria77 kt (est. 10%)Libya9.9 kt (est. 1%)Brazil1.0 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan0.8 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins1.9 kt (est. <1%)Sweden: crude origin not reported28 kt (4%)Norway: no crude data15 kt (2%)Denmark: crude not from imports14 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no crude data7.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)598 kt (81%)Finland61 kt (8%)Denmark47 kt (6%)Norway15 kt (2%)Netherlands11 kt (1%)Qatar7.3 kt (<1%)Sweden: road diesel supply740 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Denmark
- Norway
- Netherlands
- Qatar
- Norway377 kt (est. 51%)
- United Kingdom107 kt (est. 14%)
- United States99 kt (est. 13%)
- Nigeria77 kt (est. 10%)
- Libya9.9 kt (est. 1%)
- Brazil1.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan0.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins1.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported28 kt (4%)
- Norway: no crude data15 kt (2%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports14 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data7.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Feb 2024)
968 tonnes
est. <1% of Sweden's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported1.0 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Netherlands1.0 kt (est. 100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 598,265 | 80.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 60,721 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 47,075 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 15,259 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 11,079 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 7,315 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 323,140 | 54.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 94,270 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 73,611 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 69,257 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 49,193 | 81.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden (own refineries) | 28,068 | 4.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Denmark | 24,105 | 51.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 15,259 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 14,186 | 30.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 9,919 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 9,295 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Qatar | 7,315 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Denmark | 3,307 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 3,179 | 28.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 2,751 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Denmark | 2,726 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 2,233 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,918 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,709 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 968 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 964 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 921 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 758 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 662 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2024-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-12 to 2024-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (28,068 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Norway: no crude data (15,259 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (14,186 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (7,315 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (662 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.