Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2024, Sweden's road diesel supply was 834 kt: 72% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Denmark (12%) and Finland (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (52%), the United States (19%) and the United Kingdom (7%), and 14% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway433 kt (est. 52%)United States161 kt (est. 19%)United Kingdom59 kt (est. 7%)Libya36 kt (est. 4%)Nigeria10 kt (est. 1%)Côte d’Ivoire8.7 kt (est. 1%)Kazakhstan4.5 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins9.3 kt (est. 1%)Sweden: crude origin not reported54 kt (7%)Denmark: crude not from imports31 kt (4%)Qatar: no crude data14 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no crude data7.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.3 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)603 kt (72%)Denmark99 kt (12%)Finland74 kt (9%)Netherlands37 kt (4%)Qatar14 kt (2%)Norway7.0 kt (<1%)Sweden: road diesel supply834 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Denmark
- Finland
- Netherlands
- Qatar
- Norway
- Norway433 kt (est. 52%)
- United States161 kt (est. 19%)
- United Kingdom59 kt (est. 7%)
- Libya36 kt (est. 4%)
- Nigeria10 kt (est. 1%)
- Côte d’Ivoire8.7 kt (est. 1%)
- Kazakhstan4.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins9.3 kt (est. 1%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported54 kt (7%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports31 kt (4%)
- Qatar: no crude data14 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data7.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jun 2024)
35.7 thousand tonnes
est. 4% of Sweden's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported36 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Sweden (own refineries)31 kt (est. 86%)
- Denmark4.9 kt (est. 14%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 602,736 | 72.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 98,720 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 74,393 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 37,344 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 14,204 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 7,005 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 346,615 | 57.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 114,511 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 59,488 | 80.0% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden (own refineries) | 54,393 | 9.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 39,337 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 37,840 | 38.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 30,832 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 30,621 | 31.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark | 20,995 | 21.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Qatar: no crude data | Qatar | 14,204 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 11,556 | 15.5% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 9,329 | 25.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Sweden (own refineries) | 8,722 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 8,637 | 23.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 8,326 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Norway | 7,005 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 5,818 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Denmark | 4,873 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 4,497 | 12.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 4,331 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,985 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Finland | 3,349 | 4.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 3,343 | 9.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 1,734 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2024-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2024-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-04 to 2024-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (54,393 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (30,621 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Qatar: no crude data (14,204 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (7,005 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3,404 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,349 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.