Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2024, Sweden's road diesel supply was 952 kt: 62% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Denmark (11%), Finland (10%) and the Netherlands (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (48%), the United States (17%) and the United Kingdom (7%), and 18% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway460 kt (est. 48%)United States160 kt (est. 17%)United Kingdom62 kt (est. 7%)Libya29 kt (est. 3%)Nigeria25 kt (est. 3%)Kazakhstan10.0 kt (est. 1%)Côte d’Ivoire8.7 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins21 kt (est. 2%)Sweden: crude origin not reported54 kt (6%)Norway: no crude data54 kt (6%)Denmark: crude not from imports41 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported14 kt (1%)Qatar: no crude data12 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)594 kt (62%)Denmark107 kt (11%)Finland97 kt (10%)Netherlands69 kt (7%)Norway54 kt (6%)Germany19 kt (2%)Qatar12 kt (1%)Sweden: road diesel supply952 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Denmark
- Finland
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Germany
- Qatar
- Norway460 kt (est. 48%)
- United States160 kt (est. 17%)
- United Kingdom62 kt (est. 7%)
- Libya29 kt (est. 3%)
- Nigeria25 kt (est. 3%)
- Kazakhstan10.0 kt (est. 1%)
- Côte d’Ivoire8.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins21 kt (est. 2%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported54 kt (6%)
- Norway: no crude data54 kt (6%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports41 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported14 kt (1%)
- Qatar: no crude data12 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jul 2024)
28.5 thousand tonnes
est. 3% of Sweden's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported29 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Sweden (own refineries)21 kt (est. 74%)
- Denmark4.8 kt (est. 17%)
- Germany2.2 kt (est. 8%)
and 1 more in the table above
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 594,315 | 62.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 106,641 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 97,190 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 68,901 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 53,710 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Sweden: road diesel supply | 19,428 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 11,569 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 354,706 | 59.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 87,188 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 78,349 | 80.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden (own refineries) | 53,937 | 9.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 53,710 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Denmark | 47,994 | 45.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 47,958 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 41,172 | 38.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 20,975 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 20,895 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 17,486 | 25.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 15,740 | 22.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 12,567 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Qatar: no crude data | Qatar | 11,569 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 11,031 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Sweden (own refineries) | 8,655 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 7,636 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 7,621 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 7,604 | 7.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Finland | 6,094 | 6.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 5,144 | 5.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 5,114 | 7.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Denmark | 4,847 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 3,932 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 3,777 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 3,761 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 3,156 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 2,356 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 2,216 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,620 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,333 | 6.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 630 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 496 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 366 | 1.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Germany | 60 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2024-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2024-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-05 to 2024-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (53,937 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Norway: no crude data (53,710 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (41,172 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (14,110 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Qatar: no crude data (11,569 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (366 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.