Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2024, Sweden's road diesel supply was 876 kt: 64% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Denmark (13%) and Finland (13%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (54%), the United States (12%) and the United Kingdom (6%), and 17% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway474 kt (est. 54%)United States106 kt (est. 12%)United Kingdom48 kt (est. 6%)Nigeria35 kt (est. 4%)Libya33 kt (est. 4%)Denmark8.0 kt (est. <1%)Guyana6.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins15 kt (est. 2%)Sweden: crude origin not reported57 kt (6%)Norway: no crude data36 kt (4%)Denmark: crude not from imports28 kt (3%)Qatar: no crude data17 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported9.8 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.6 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)559 kt (64%)Denmark113 kt (13%)Finland112 kt (13%)Netherlands40 kt (5%)Norway36 kt (4%)Qatar17 kt (2%)Sweden: road diesel supply876 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Denmark
- Finland
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Qatar
- Norway474 kt (est. 54%)
- United States106 kt (est. 12%)
- United Kingdom48 kt (est. 6%)
- Nigeria35 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya33 kt (est. 4%)
- Denmark8.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Guyana6.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins15 kt (est. 2%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported57 kt (6%)
- Norway: no crude data36 kt (4%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports28 kt (3%)
- Qatar: no crude data17 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported9.8 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.6 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Sep 2024)
474.4 thousand tonnes
est. 54% of Sweden's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported474 kt estimated
Inferred · mediumEstimated
Refined in
- Sweden (own refineries)376 kt (est. 79%)
- Finland74 kt (est. 16%)
- Denmark17 kt (est. 4%)
and 1 more in the table above
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 558,787 | 63.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 112,886 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 111,864 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 39,527 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 36,000 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 16,762 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 376,406 | 67.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 73,955 | 66.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Denmark | 64,260 | 56.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden (own refineries) | 56,727 | 10.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 36,912 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 36,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 32,547 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 32,535 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 28,401 | 25.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 17,419 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 17,069 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Qatar: no crude data | Qatar | 16,762 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Finland | 15,647 | 14.0% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 14,508 | 36.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 8,212 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 7,015 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 6,446 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Guyana | Finland | 6,217 | 5.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 4,801 | 4.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Denmark | Finland | 4,797 | 4.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,448 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 3,234 | 8.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Denmark | Sweden (own refineries) | 3,217 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 3,084 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 3,024 | 0.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 2,302 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 541 | 1.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 266 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2024-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2024-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-07 to 2024-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (56,727 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Norway: no crude data (36,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (28,401 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Qatar: no crude data (16,762 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (9,752 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,565 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.