Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Sweden's jet fuel supply was 127 kt: 6% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (67%), Finland (12%) and Poland (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (26%), the United States (21%) and Kazakhstan (7%), and 14% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway33 kt (est. 26%)United States27 kt (est. 21%)Kazakhstan8.6 kt (est. 7%)United Kingdom7.5 kt (est. 6%)Brazil6.9 kt (est. 5%)Saudi Arabia4.3 kt (est. 3%)Canada2.3 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins20 kt (est. 16%)Norway: no crude data9.5 kt (8%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported7.5 kt (6%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)7.2 kt (6%)Netherlands85 kt (67%)Finland15 kt (12%)Poland9.9 kt (8%)Norway9.5 kt (8%)Sweden: jet fuel supply127 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Netherlands
- Finland
- Poland
- Norway
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Norway33 kt (est. 26%)
- United States27 kt (est. 21%)
- Kazakhstan8.6 kt (est. 7%)
- United Kingdom7.5 kt (est. 6%)
- Brazil6.9 kt (est. 5%)
- Saudi Arabia4.3 kt (est. 3%)
- Canada2.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins20 kt (est. 16%)
- Norway: no crude data9.5 kt (8%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported7.5 kt (6%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Crude behind this jet fuel, an estimate (Jun 2026)
32.6 thousand tonnes
est. 26% of Sweden's jet fuel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported33 kt estimated
Inferred · mediumEstimated
Last shipped from
- Netherlands15 kt (est. 45%)
- Finland10 kt (est. 31%)
- Poland4.3 kt (est. 13%)
and 1 more in the table above
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 85,253 | 67.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 14,861 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 9,938 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 9,524 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 7,214 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Netherlands | 22,980 | 27.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 16,253 | 19.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 14,817 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 10,063 | 67.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 9,524 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 8,593 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 7,495 | 8.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 6,757 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 6,549 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 4,287 | 43.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 4,271 | 43.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 3,452 | 47.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 2,337 | 15.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Finland | 1,945 | 13.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Canada | Netherlands | 1,808 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden (own refineries) | 1,368 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 1,287 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 916 | 12.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Finland | 516 | 3.5% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 476 | 4.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Poland | 462 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 442 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Sweden (own refineries) | 191 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2026-06 (latest month that can be drawn, the month its country page shows). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Norway: no crude data (9,524 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (7,495 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (476 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.