Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, Sweden's road diesel supply was 803 kt: 67% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (17%) and Denmark (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (54%), the United States (13%) and Guyana (8%), and 14% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway434 kt (est. 54%)United States101 kt (est. 13%)Guyana64 kt (est. 8%)United Kingdom38 kt (est. 5%)Nigeria17 kt (est. 2%)Libya10 kt (est. 1%)Denmark9.9 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins17 kt (est. 2%)Sweden: crude not from imports34 kt (4%)Qatar: no crude data33 kt (4%)Denmark: crude not from imports20 kt (3%)Norway: no crude data15 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported4.3 kt (<1%)Origin not reported: crude unknownless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)539 kt (67%)Finland136 kt (17%)Denmark61 kt (8%)Qatar33 kt (4%)Netherlands18 kt (2%)Norway15 kt (2%)Imports, origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Sweden: road diesel supply803 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Denmark
- Qatar
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Other (1)
- Norway434 kt (est. 54%)
- United States101 kt (est. 13%)
- Guyana64 kt (est. 8%)
- United Kingdom38 kt (est. 5%)
- Nigeria17 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya10 kt (est. 1%)
- Denmark9.9 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins17 kt (est. 2%)
- Sweden: crude not from imports34 kt (4%)
- Qatar: no crude data33 kt (4%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports20 kt (3%)
- Norway: no crude data15 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported4.3 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknownless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Road diesel supplied (Mar 2025)
539.5 thousand tonnes
67% of Sweden's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Norway299 kt (est. 55%)
- United States72 kt (est. 13%)
- Guyana64 kt (est. 12%)
and 6 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 539,483 | 67.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 136,079 | 16.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 61,228 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 33,055 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 18,405 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 15,240 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 298,568 | 55.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 111,258 | 81.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 71,703 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden (own refineries) | 64,002 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 33,803 | 6.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Qatar: no crude data | Qatar | 33,055 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 28,131 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 20,813 | 34.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 20,110 | 32.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 15,842 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 15,240 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Denmark | 13,940 | 22.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 11,652 | 8.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Denmark | Sweden (own refineries) | 9,932 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 9,731 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden (own refineries) | 7,771 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 6,221 | 33.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 5,555 | 4.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Finland | 4,527 | 3.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Netherlands | 3,805 | 20.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Denmark | 3,436 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 3,265 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 3,086 | 2.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 2,890 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 1,921 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 1,166 | 6.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 1,108 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 674 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 245 | 1.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 1 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2025-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-01 to 2025-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude not from imports (33,803 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Qatar: no crude data (33,055 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (20,110 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (15,240 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (4,772 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (4,292 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (1 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (1 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.