Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2025, Sweden's road diesel supply was 725 kt: 70% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (10%) and Denmark (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (48%), the United States (9%) and Guyana (8%), and 23% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway348 kt (est. 48%)United States64 kt (est. 9%)Guyana61 kt (est. 8%)United Kingdom38 kt (est. 5%)Libya20 kt (est. 3%)Nigeria16 kt (est. 2%)Denmark5.6 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins9.4 kt (est. 1%)Sweden: crude origin not reported47 kt (7%)Denmark: crude not from imports26 kt (4%)Sweden: crude not from imports26 kt (4%)Norway: no crude data22 kt (3%)Qatar: no crude data20 kt (3%)Canada: no crude data19 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.9 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.9 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)506 kt (70%)Finland74 kt (10%)Denmark64 kt (9%)Norway22 kt (3%)Qatar20 kt (3%)Netherlands20 kt (3%)Canada19 kt (3%)Sweden: road diesel supply725 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Denmark
- Norway
- Qatar
- Netherlands
- Canada
- Norway348 kt (est. 48%)
- United States64 kt (est. 9%)
- Guyana61 kt (est. 8%)
- United Kingdom38 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya20 kt (est. 3%)
- Nigeria16 kt (est. 2%)
- Denmark5.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins9.4 kt (est. 1%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported47 kt (7%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports26 kt (4%)
- Sweden: crude not from imports26 kt (4%)
- Norway: no crude data22 kt (3%)
- Qatar: no crude data20 kt (3%)
- Canada: no crude data19 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.9 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.9 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Feb 2025)
19.9 thousand tonnes
3% of Sweden's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Qatar20 kt (100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 506,058 | 69.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 74,322 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 64,366 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 21,893 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 19,902 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 19,883 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Canada | Sweden: road diesel supply | 18,542 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 260,374 | 51.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 68,790 | 92.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden (own refineries) | 60,670 | 12.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden (own refineries) | 47,326 | 9.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 39,157 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 32,689 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 26,202 | 40.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Sweden: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 25,734 | 5.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 21,893 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Qatar: no crude data | Qatar | 19,902 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Denmark | 19,516 | 30.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 19,459 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada: no crude data | Canada | 18,542 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Denmark | 15,432 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 15,017 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 6,191 | 31.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Sweden (own refineries) | 5,630 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 5,211 | 26.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 3,433 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Denmark | 3,180 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 3,009 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 2,221 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 1,672 | 2.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 1,220 | 6.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 927 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Finland | 851 | 1.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 654 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 26 | 0.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2025-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-12 to 2025-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (47,326 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (26,202 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Sweden: crude not from imports (25,734 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (21,893 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Qatar: no crude data (19,902 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Canada: no crude data (18,542 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,928 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (877 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.