Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Sweden's road diesel supply was 788 kt: 66% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (10%) and Denmark (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (48%), the United States (14%) and the United Kingdom (8%), and 23% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway382 kt (est. 48%)United States112 kt (est. 14%)United Kingdom63 kt (est. 8%)Nigeria21 kt (est. 3%)Denmark5.9 kt (est. <1%)Libya4.6 kt (est. <1%)Iraq4.3 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins14 kt (est. 2%)Sweden: crude origin not reported84 kt (11%)Norway: no crude data35 kt (4%)Canada: no crude data30 kt (4%)Denmark: crude not from imports19 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no crude data5.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.2 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)523 kt (66%)Finland81 kt (10%)Denmark77 kt (10%)Netherlands37 kt (5%)Norway35 kt (4%)Canada30 kt (4%)Qatar5.4 kt (<1%)Sweden: road diesel supply788 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Denmark
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Canada
- Qatar
- Norway382 kt (est. 48%)
- United States112 kt (est. 14%)
- United Kingdom63 kt (est. 8%)
- Nigeria21 kt (est. 3%)
- Denmark5.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Libya4.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq4.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins14 kt (est. 2%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported84 kt (11%)
- Norway: no crude data35 kt (4%)
- Canada: no crude data30 kt (4%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports19 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data5.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Nov 2024)
5.7 thousand tonnes
<1% of Sweden's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Sweden (own refineries)5.4 kt (94%)
- Netherlands0.3 kt (6%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 523,471 | 66.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 81,438 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 76,717 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 36,680 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 34,867 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Canada | Sweden: road diesel supply | 29,699 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 5,427 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 312,878 | 59.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden (own refineries) | 83,966 | 16.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 51,922 | 9.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 49,718 | 61.0% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 46,325 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 40,166 | 52.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 34,867 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Canada: no crude data | Canada | 29,699 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 20,259 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 18,969 | 24.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 14,003 | 17.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Denmark | 13,570 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 10,475 | 12.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 9,590 | 26.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 9,398 | 25.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 5,431 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Qatar | 5,427 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 5,414 | 1.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 4,258 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 4,088 | 5.0% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Libya | Denmark | 4,012 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 3,183 | 8.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Denmark | Finland | 3,154 | 3.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,070 | 8.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Sweden (own refineries) | 2,708 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 871 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 553 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 326 | 0.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (83,966 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Norway: no crude data (34,867 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Canada: no crude data (29,699 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (18,969 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (5,741 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (5,427 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3,183 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.