Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, Sweden's road diesel supply was 775 kt: 65% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (12%), Denmark (8%) and Finland (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (50%), the United States (14%) and the United Kingdom (7%), and 16% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway385 kt (est. 50%)United States111 kt (est. 14%)United Kingdom53 kt (est. 7%)Nigeria27 kt (est. 3%)Angola17 kt (est. 2%)Libya17 kt (est. 2%)Iraq11 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins27 kt (est. 4%)Sweden: crude not from imports52 kt (7%)Norway: no crude data45 kt (6%)Denmark: crude not from imports22 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported6.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)503 kt (65%)Netherlands97 kt (12%)Denmark61 kt (8%)Finland59 kt (8%)Norway45 kt (6%)Belgium10 kt (1%)Sweden: road diesel supply775 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- Denmark
- Finland
- Norway
- Belgium
- Norway385 kt (est. 50%)
- United States111 kt (est. 14%)
- United Kingdom53 kt (est. 7%)
- Nigeria27 kt (est. 3%)
- Angola17 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya17 kt (est. 2%)
- Iraq11 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins27 kt (est. 4%)
- Sweden: crude not from imports52 kt (7%)
- Norway: no crude data45 kt (6%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports22 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported6.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Aug 2023)
53.2 thousand tonnes
est. 7% of Sweden's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported53 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Sweden (own refineries)36 kt (est. 67%)
- Netherlands11 kt (est. 21%)
- Denmark2.8 kt (est. 5%)
and 2 more in the table above
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 503,349 | 64.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 96,756 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 61,192 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 58,949 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 45,027 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Sweden: road diesel supply | 10,090 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 303,613 | 60.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 60,785 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 52,340 | 10.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Finland | 45,360 | 76.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 45,027 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 35,675 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 23,815 | 24.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 22,349 | 36.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 20,852 | 21.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 19,270 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 17,363 | 3.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 17,335 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 16,701 | 27.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 15,939 | 26.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Sweden (own refineries) | 14,302 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 11,356 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 10,533 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 9,164 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 6,972 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 3,636 | 3.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Denmark | 3,430 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 3,218 | 31.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 2,772 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Netherlands | 2,257 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 2,249 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 2,179 | 21.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 2,176 | 3.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Belgium | 1,170 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 1,151 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Belgium | 854 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 675 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 478 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 324 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 34 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-06 to 2023-08. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2023-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-06 to 2023-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude not from imports (52,340 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (45,027 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (22,349 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (6,487 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (7 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.