Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2024, Sweden's road diesel supply was 763 kt: 68% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Denmark (7%), Norway (7%) and Finland (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (40%), the United States (12%) and the United Kingdom (10%), and 23% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway307 kt (est. 40%)United States88 kt (est. 12%)United Kingdom78 kt (est. 10%)Nigeria76 kt (est. 10%)Libya29 kt (est. 4%)Brazil7.2 kt (est. <1%)Iraq1.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins2.4 kt (est. <1%)Norway: no crude data53 kt (7%)Qatar: no crude data30 kt (4%)Sweden: crude not from imports27 kt (4%)Canada: no crude data18 kt (2%)United States: no crude data17 kt (2%)Denmark: crude not from imports16 kt (2%)Sweden: crude origin not reported11 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)523 kt (68%)Denmark55 kt (7%)Norway53 kt (7%)Finland49 kt (6%)Qatar30 kt (4%)Canada18 kt (2%)Netherlands18 kt (2%)United States17 kt (2%)Sweden: road diesel supply763 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Denmark
- Norway
- Finland
- Qatar
- Canada
- Netherlands
- United States
- Norway307 kt (est. 40%)
- United States88 kt (est. 12%)
- United Kingdom78 kt (est. 10%)
- Nigeria76 kt (est. 10%)
- Libya29 kt (est. 4%)
- Brazil7.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq1.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins2.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Norway: no crude data53 kt (7%)
- Qatar: no crude data30 kt (4%)
- Sweden: crude not from imports27 kt (4%)
- Canada: no crude data18 kt (2%)
- United States: no crude data17 kt (2%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports16 kt (2%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported11 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jan 2024)
78.2 thousand tonnes
est. 10% of Sweden's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported78 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Sweden (own refineries)70 kt (est. 89%)
- Finland3.7 kt (est. 5%)
- Denmark3.1 kt (est. 4%)
and 1 more in the table above
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 522,863 | 68.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 55,240 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 53,471 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 49,475 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 29,734 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Canada | Sweden: road diesel supply | 17,937 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 17,597 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Sweden: road diesel supply | 17,035 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 257,234 | 49.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 71,146 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 69,672 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 53,471 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 52,171 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 43,868 | 88.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Qatar: no crude data | Qatar | 29,734 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Denmark | 29,226 | 52.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 29,196 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 26,968 | 5.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Canada: no crude data | Canada | 17,937 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 17,035 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 16,033 | 29.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden (own refineries) | 10,730 | 2.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Brazil | Sweden (own refineries) | 5,745 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 4,993 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 3,757 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 3,731 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 3,126 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Denmark | 3,098 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 2,429 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 2,145 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 2,137 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 1,876 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 1,667 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 1,462 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 1,218 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 1,050 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 494 | 2.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2024-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-11 to 2024-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Norway: no crude data (53,471 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Qatar: no crude data (29,734 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Sweden: crude not from imports (26,968 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Canada: no crude data (17,937 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United States: no crude data (17,035 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (16,033 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (10,730 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,050 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (494 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.