Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2024, Sweden's road diesel supply was 783 kt: 69% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Denmark (10%), Finland (10%) and the Netherlands (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (50%), the United States (11%) and the United Kingdom (6%), and 22% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway390 kt (est. 50%)United States87 kt (est. 11%)United Kingdom46 kt (est. 6%)Libya33 kt (est. 4%)Nigeria33 kt (est. 4%)Brazil5.4 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan5.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins11 kt (est. 1%)Sweden: crude origin not reported52 kt (7%)Sweden: crude not from imports39 kt (5%)Denmark: crude not from imports27 kt (3%)Norway: no crude data27 kt (3%)Qatar: no crude data11 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported8.6 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.5 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)537 kt (69%)Denmark78 kt (10%)Finland77 kt (10%)Netherlands52 kt (7%)Norway27 kt (3%)Qatar11 kt (1%)Sweden: road diesel supply783 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Denmark
- Finland
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Qatar
- Norway390 kt (est. 50%)
- United States87 kt (est. 11%)
- United Kingdom46 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya33 kt (est. 4%)
- Nigeria33 kt (est. 4%)
- Brazil5.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan5.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins11 kt (est. 1%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported52 kt (7%)
- Sweden: crude not from imports39 kt (5%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports27 kt (3%)
- Norway: no crude data27 kt (3%)
- Qatar: no crude data11 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported8.6 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.5 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Aug 2024)
46.3 thousand tonnes
est. 6% of Sweden's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported46 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Sweden (own refineries)36 kt (est. 78%)
- Netherlands5.4 kt (est. 12%)
- Finland3.0 kt (est. 6%)
and 1 more in the table above
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 537,003 | 68.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 78,122 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 76,692 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 52,171 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 27,107 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 11,487 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 314,252 | 58.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 60,167 | 78.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden (own refineries) | 52,282 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Sweden: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 38,990 | 7.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Denmark | 38,287 | 49.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 36,088 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 33,376 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 29,553 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 29,541 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 27,188 | 34.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 27,107 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Qatar: no crude data | Qatar | 11,487 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Netherlands | 11,380 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 8,712 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 7,931 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 7,227 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Finland | 5,541 | 7.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 5,435 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 5,379 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 5,072 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 4,433 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 4,120 | 7.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 3,784 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 3,553 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Denmark | 3,485 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 2,999 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden (own refineries) | 2,921 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 1,850 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 359 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Denmark | 86 | 0.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2024-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-06 to 2024-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (52,282 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Sweden: crude not from imports (38,990 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (27,188 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (27,107 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Qatar: no crude data (11,487 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (8,639 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (5,541 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.