Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, Sweden's road diesel supply was 708 kt: 68% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (11%), Denmark (10%) and the Netherlands (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (45%), the United States (15%) and the United Kingdom (10%), and 24% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway318 kt (est. 45%)United States103 kt (est. 15%)United Kingdom72 kt (est. 10%)Nigeria18 kt (est. 3%)Libya14 kt (est. 2%)Brazil4.2 kt (est. <1%)Iraq4.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins7.8 kt (est. 1%)Sweden: crude origin not reported102 kt (14%)Denmark: crude not from imports28 kt (4%)Norway: no crude data22 kt (3%)Qatar: no crude data12 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.5 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)484 kt (68%)Finland80 kt (11%)Denmark71 kt (10%)Netherlands40 kt (6%)Norway22 kt (3%)Qatar12 kt (2%)Sweden: road diesel supply708 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Denmark
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Qatar
- Norway318 kt (est. 45%)
- United States103 kt (est. 15%)
- United Kingdom72 kt (est. 10%)
- Nigeria18 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya14 kt (est. 2%)
- Brazil4.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq4.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins7.8 kt (est. 1%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported102 kt (14%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports28 kt (4%)
- Norway: no crude data22 kt (3%)
- Qatar: no crude data12 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.5 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Dec 2024)
71.9 thousand tonnes
est. 10% of Sweden's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported72 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Sweden (own refineries)57 kt (est. 80%)
- Finland11 kt (est. 15%)
- Netherlands4.1 kt (est. 6%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 483,639 | 68.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 80,264 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 70,898 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 39,702 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 21,544 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 11,785 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 237,358 | 49.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden (own refineries) | 102,484 | 21.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Finland | 66,145 | 82.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 57,199 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 57,153 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 30,710 | 43.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 28,132 | 39.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 21,544 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 17,502 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Qatar: no crude data | Qatar | 11,785 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Netherlands | 11,628 | 29.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 10,612 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 9,603 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 8,985 | 12.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 5,962 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 5,413 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 4,197 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 4,165 | 10.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 4,056 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 3,507 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Denmark | 3,071 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 2,458 | 6.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden (own refineries) | 2,339 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 1,291 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 532 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2024-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-10 to 2024-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (102,484 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (28,132 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (21,544 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Qatar: no crude data (11,785 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,458 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.