Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2025, Sweden's road diesel supply was 905 kt: 64% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Denmark (13%), Finland (9%) and the Netherlands (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (44%), the United States (15%) and the United Kingdom (8%), and 18% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway397 kt (est. 44%)United States137 kt (est. 15%)United Kingdom73 kt (est. 8%)Guyana68 kt (est. 8%)Nigeria22 kt (est. 2%)Kazakhstan11 kt (est. 1%)Libya10 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins26 kt (est. 3%)Sweden: crude not from imports65 kt (7%)Denmark: crude not from imports42 kt (5%)Norway: no crude data29 kt (3%)United Kingdom: no crude data13 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported5.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no crude data5.0 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)577 kt (64%)Denmark116 kt (13%)Finland86 kt (9%)Netherlands78 kt (9%)Norway29 kt (3%)United Kingdom13 kt (1%)Qatar5.0 kt (<1%)Sweden: road diesel supply905 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Denmark
- Finland
- Netherlands
- Norway
- United Kingdom
- Qatar
- Norway397 kt (est. 44%)
- United States137 kt (est. 15%)
- United Kingdom73 kt (est. 8%)
- Guyana68 kt (est. 8%)
- Nigeria22 kt (est. 2%)
- Kazakhstan11 kt (est. 1%)
- Libya10 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins26 kt (est. 3%)
- Sweden: crude not from imports65 kt (7%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports42 kt (5%)
- Norway: no crude data29 kt (3%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data13 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported5.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data5.0 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Aug 2025)
72.6 thousand tonnes
est. 8% of Sweden's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported73 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Sweden (own refineries)52 kt (est. 71%)
- Denmark14 kt (est. 19%)
- Netherlands7.5 kt (est. 10%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 577,388 | 63.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 115,862 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 85,546 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 77,782 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 29,489 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Sweden: road diesel supply | 13,434 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 5,026 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 289,131 | 50.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 75,521 | 13.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden (own refineries) | 68,418 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 66,458 | 77.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Sweden: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 65,174 | 11.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 51,557 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 41,885 | 36.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Denmark | 32,918 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 29,489 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Denmark | 27,491 | 23.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 20,939 | 26.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 17,549 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 14,660 | 18.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 13,628 | 15.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 13,568 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 13,539 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 13,434 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 11,029 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 10,038 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 7,504 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 5,710 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 5,460 | 6.4% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Qatar | 5,026 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 4,401 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2025-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-06 to 2025-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude not from imports (65,174 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (41,885 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (29,489 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (13,434 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (5,710 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (5,026 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.