Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, Sweden's road diesel supply was 701 kt: 51% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (14%), Denmark (14%) and the Netherlands (13%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (53%), the United States (20%) and the United Kingdom (7%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway368 kt (est. 53%)United States141 kt (est. 20%)United Kingdom46 kt (est. 7%)Kazakhstan13 kt (est. 2%)Netherlands11 kt (est. 2%)Nigeria6.5 kt (est. <1%)Iraq5.4 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins21 kt (est. 3%)Canada: no crude data28 kt (4%)Denmark: crude not from imports27 kt (4%)Norway: no crude data15 kt (2%)Qatar: no crude data9.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported6.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.3 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)357 kt (51%)Finland100 kt (14%)Denmark100 kt (14%)Netherlands92 kt (13%)Canada28 kt (4%)Norway15 kt (2%)Qatar9.4 kt (1%)Germanyless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Sweden: road diesel supply701 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Denmark
- Netherlands
- Canada
- Norway
- Qatar
- Germany
- Norway368 kt (est. 53%)
- United States141 kt (est. 20%)
- United Kingdom46 kt (est. 7%)
- Kazakhstan13 kt (est. 2%)
- Netherlands11 kt (est. 2%)
- Nigeria6.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq5.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins21 kt (est. 3%)
- Canada: no crude data28 kt (4%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports27 kt (4%)
- Norway: no crude data15 kt (2%)
- Qatar: no crude data9.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported6.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Nov 2025)
140.9 thousand tonnes
est. 20% of Sweden's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported141 kt estimated
Inferred · mediumEstimated
Last shipped from
- Sweden (own refineries)82 kt (est. 58%)
- Denmark34 kt (est. 24%)
- Netherlands20 kt (est. 14%)
and 2 more in the table above
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 357,039 | 51.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 100,047 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 99,704 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 91,515 | 13.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Canada | Sweden: road diesel supply | 27,792 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 15,257 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 9,351 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 241,056 | 67.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 82,031 | 23.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 74,791 | 74.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Denmark | 35,815 | 35.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 33,993 | 34.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada: no crude data | Canada | 27,792 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 27,316 | 27.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 23,131 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 20,424 | 22.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 16,432 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 15,257 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 13,409 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 12,351 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 12,107 | 12.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Netherlands | Sweden (own refineries) | 10,822 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Qatar: no crude data | Qatar | 9,351 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 8,670 | 8.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 7,802 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 6,549 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 5,909 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 5,360 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 4,479 | 4.5% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 3,280 | 3.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 2,529 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 4 | 27.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 2 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 2 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 1 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 0 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 0 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceLowMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · low
Provenance
Inferred · lowLow- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · low
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2025-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-09 to 2025-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Canada: no crude data (27,792 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (27,316 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (15,257 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Qatar: no crude data (9,351 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (5,961 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,281 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.