Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2023, Sweden's petrol supply was 524 kt: 84% from its own refineries, with imports from Denmark (9%) and Finland (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (61%), the United Kingdom (10%) and Nigeria (9%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway318 kt (est. 61%)United Kingdom55 kt (est. 10%)Nigeria47 kt (est. 9%)United States43 kt (est. 8%)Angola14 kt (est. 3%)Libya8.4 kt (est. 2%)Algeria2.5 kt (est. <1%)Denmark: crude not from imports21 kt (4%)Sweden: crude not from imports15 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.2 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)441 kt (84%)Denmark49 kt (9%)Finland34 kt (7%)Sweden: petrol supply524 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Denmark
- Finland
- Norway318 kt (est. 61%)
- United Kingdom55 kt (est. 10%)
- Nigeria47 kt (est. 9%)
- United States43 kt (est. 8%)
- Angola14 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya8.4 kt (est. 2%)
- Algeria2.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports21 kt (4%)
- Sweden: crude not from imports15 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: petrol supply | 440,820 | 84.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Denmark | Sweden: petrol supply | 49,081 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: petrol supply | 34,297 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 281,520 | 63.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 51,087 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 46,988 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 24,926 | 72.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 24,452 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 20,961 | 42.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Sweden: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 14,790 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Angola | Sweden (own refineries) | 13,544 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 13,341 | 27.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 11,392 | 23.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 8,439 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 5,163 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 3,046 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Denmark | 2,540 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 1,162 | 3.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 847 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of petrol in 2023-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-05 to 2023-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (20,961 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Sweden: crude not from imports (14,790 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,162 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.