Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, Sweden's road diesel supply was 633 kt: 66% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Norway (13%), Finland (11%) and Denmark (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (50%), the United States (15%) and the United Kingdom (12%), and 19% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway317 kt (est. 50%)United States94 kt (est. 15%)United Kingdom75 kt (est. 12%)Nigeria14 kt (est. 2%)Libya7.2 kt (est. 1%)Brazil3.6 kt (est. <1%)Iraq1.8 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins2.1 kt (est. <1%)Norway: no crude data85 kt (13%)Denmark: crude not from imports15 kt (2%)Finland: crude not from imports9.5 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no crude data5.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.4 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)418 kt (66%)Norway85 kt (13%)Finland69 kt (11%)Denmark39 kt (6%)Netherlands16 kt (2%)Qatar5.6 kt (<1%)Sweden: road diesel supply633 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Norway
- Finland
- Denmark
- Netherlands
- Qatar
- Norway317 kt (est. 50%)
- United States94 kt (est. 15%)
- United Kingdom75 kt (est. 12%)
- Nigeria14 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya7.2 kt (est. 1%)
- Brazil3.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq1.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins2.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Norway: no crude data85 kt (13%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports15 kt (2%)
- Finland: crude not from imports9.5 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data5.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 417,727 | 66.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 85,261 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 69,374 | 11.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 38,940 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 15,652 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 5,588 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 262,395 | 62.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 85,261 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 69,750 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 65,574 | 15.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 46,299 | 66.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 15,019 | 38.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 12,827 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 11,790 | 30.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Finland: crude not from imports | Finland | 9,543 | 13.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Finland | 8,539 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 7,181 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Qatar | 5,588 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Denmark | 5,523 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 4,737 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 4,254 | 27.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 2,866 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 2,655 | 17.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Finland | 2,127 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 2,075 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Denmark | 1,869 | 4.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 1,861 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 1,753 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 1,463 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 1,063 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 528 | 3.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2023-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-08 to 2023-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Norway: no crude data (85,261 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (15,019 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Finland: crude not from imports (9,543 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (5,588 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,398 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.