Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, Sweden's jet fuel supply was 74 kt: 2% from its own refineries, with imports from Saudi Arabia (55%), the Netherlands (28%) and Belgium (15%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (11%), Norway (7%) and the United Kingdom (5%), and 58% cannot be traced.
Country
United States8.0 kt (est. 11%)Norway5.0 kt (est. 7%)United Kingdom3.8 kt (est. 5%)Nigeria3.2 kt (est. 4%)Iraq3.2 kt (est. 4%)Brazil2.5 kt (est. 3%)Kazakhstan1.6 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins3.6 kt (est. 5%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data41 kt (55%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (1%)Belgium: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (1%)Sweden (own refineries)1.2 kt (2%)Saudi Arabia41 kt (55%)Netherlands21 kt (28%)Belgium11 kt (15%)Sweden: jet fuel supply74 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Saudi Arabia
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- Sweden (own refineries)
- United States8.0 kt (est. 11%)
- Norway5.0 kt (est. 7%)
- United Kingdom3.8 kt (est. 5%)
- Nigeria3.2 kt (est. 4%)
- Iraq3.2 kt (est. 4%)
- Brazil2.5 kt (est. 3%)
- Kazakhstan1.6 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins3.6 kt (est. 5%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data41 kt (55%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (1%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 40,853 | 55.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 20,520 | 27.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 11,159 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 1,200 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 40,853 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Netherlands | 5,699 | 27.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 2,618 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 2,415 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 2,355 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 2,234 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 2,224 | 19.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,903 | 17.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,703 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 1,672 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,603 | 7.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 1,256 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 1,001 | 4.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 931 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 923 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 857 | 7.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 815 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 776 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 712 | 59.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 693 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 213 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 126 | 10.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 83 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden (own refineries) | 51 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Sweden (own refineries) | 15 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of jet fuel in 2023-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-09 to 2023-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (40,853 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (1,001 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (857 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.