Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, Sweden's petrol supply was 480 kt: 85% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Denmark (7%) and Finland (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (56%), the United Kingdom (16%) and the United States (13%), and 4% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway268 kt (est. 56%)United Kingdom77 kt (est. 16%)United States62 kt (est. 13%)Nigeria29 kt (est. 6%)Libya17 kt (est. 4%)Brazil6.7 kt (est. 1%)Iraq1.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins1.3 kt (est. <1%)Denmark: crude not from imports12 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)406 kt (85%)Denmark34 kt (7%)Finland30 kt (6%)Netherlands10 kt (2%)Sweden: petrol supply480 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Denmark
- Finland
- Netherlands
- Norway268 kt (est. 56%)
- United Kingdom77 kt (est. 16%)
- United States62 kt (est. 13%)
- Nigeria29 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya17 kt (est. 4%)
- Brazil6.7 kt (est. 1%)
- Iraq1.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins1.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports12 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: petrol supply | 405,725 | 84.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Denmark | Sweden: petrol supply | 33,974 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: petrol supply | 29,753 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: petrol supply | 10,262 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 240,574 | 59.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 71,973 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 42,751 | 10.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 28,231 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 21,878 | 73.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 17,216 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 13,735 | 40.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 12,383 | 36.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Brazil | Sweden (own refineries) | 4,979 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 3,850 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Finland | 3,208 | 10.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Netherlands | 2,850 | 27.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 2,541 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 2,480 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Denmark | 1,526 | 4.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,309 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,263 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 1,220 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 1,207 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 1,178 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 1,117 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Finland | 906 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 836 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 501 | 4.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of petrol in 2023-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-09 to 2023-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (12,383 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,208 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,027 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.