Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, Sweden's jet fuel supply was 41 kt, all of it imported, mainly from the Netherlands (99%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (29%), Norway (15%) and Brazil (9%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
United States12 kt (est. 29%)Norway6.4 kt (est. 15%)Brazil3.6 kt (est. 9%)Nigeria3.6 kt (est. 9%)United Kingdom3.4 kt (est. 8%)Kazakhstan2.8 kt (est. 7%)Saudi Arabia2.5 kt (est. 6%)Other crude origins4.6 kt (est. 11%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported2.5 kt (6%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Netherlands41 kt (99%)Germany0.3 kt (<1%)Sweden: jet fuel supply41 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Netherlands
- Germany
- United States12 kt (est. 29%)
- Norway6.4 kt (est. 15%)
- Brazil3.6 kt (est. 9%)
- Nigeria3.6 kt (est. 9%)
- United Kingdom3.4 kt (est. 8%)
- Kazakhstan2.8 kt (est. 7%)
- Saudi Arabia2.5 kt (est. 6%)
- Other crude origins4.6 kt (est. 11%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported2.5 kt (6%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 41,098 | 99.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 290 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Netherlands | 11,791 | 28.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 6,338 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 4,571 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 3,591 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 3,576 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,418 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 2,813 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 2,544 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 2,456 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 66 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 65 | 22.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 61 | 21.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 36 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 21 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 19 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 8 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 6 | 2.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Brazil | Germany | 5 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 2 | 0.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-12 to 2024-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (2,456 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (21 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (6 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.