Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2024, Sweden's jet fuel supply was 102 kt, all of it imported, from Kuwait (36%), the Netherlands (34%) and Belgium (29%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (16%), Norway (9%) and Kazakhstan (6%), and 40% cannot be traced.
Country
United States16 kt (est. 16%)Norway9.5 kt (est. 9%)Kazakhstan6.1 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia6.1 kt (est. 6%)Nigeria5.0 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom4.6 kt (est. 5%)Brazil3.1 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins9.9 kt (est. 10%)Kuwait: no crude data37 kt (36%)Belgium: crude origin not reported2.2 kt (2%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported2.1 kt (2%)Kuwait37 kt (36%)Netherlands35 kt (34%)Belgium30 kt (29%)Sweden: jet fuel supply102 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Kuwait
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- United States16 kt (est. 16%)
- Norway9.5 kt (est. 9%)
- Kazakhstan6.1 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia6.1 kt (est. 6%)
- Nigeria5.0 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom4.6 kt (est. 5%)
- Brazil3.1 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins9.9 kt (est. 10%)
- Kuwait: no crude data37 kt (36%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported2.2 kt (2%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported2.1 kt (2%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kuwait | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 37,028 | 36.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 35,146 | 34.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 29,975 | 29.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kuwait: no crude data | Kuwait | 37,028 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Netherlands | 10,226 | 29.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 6,246 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 5,501 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 4,999 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 4,508 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 4,359 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 3,450 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 3,243 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 2,930 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 2,837 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 2,788 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 2,686 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 2,247 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 2,230 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 2,174 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 2,090 | 5.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 1,705 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 902 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-01 to 2024-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Kuwait: no crude data (37,028 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (2,174 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (2,090 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.