Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2024, Sweden's road diesel supply was 803 kt: 79% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (8%), the Netherlands (6%) and Denmark (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (51%), the United States (18%) and the United Kingdom (15%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway408 kt (est. 51%)United States145 kt (est. 18%)United Kingdom117 kt (est. 15%)Libya31 kt (est. 4%)Nigeria19 kt (est. 2%)Kazakhstan5.4 kt (est. <1%)Saudi Arabia4.6 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins8.3 kt (est. 1%)Sweden: crude origin not reported36 kt (4%)Denmark: crude not from imports13 kt (2%)Qatar: no crude data12 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.6 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)635 kt (79%)Finland66 kt (8%)Netherlands47 kt (6%)Denmark43 kt (5%)Qatar12 kt (1%)Sweden: road diesel supply803 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Netherlands
- Denmark
- Qatar
- Norway408 kt (est. 51%)
- United States145 kt (est. 18%)
- United Kingdom117 kt (est. 15%)
- Libya31 kt (est. 4%)
- Nigeria19 kt (est. 2%)
- Kazakhstan5.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Saudi Arabia4.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins8.3 kt (est. 1%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported36 kt (4%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports13 kt (2%)
- Qatar: no crude data12 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.6 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 635,167 | 79.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 66,150 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 46,674 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 43,289 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 11,804 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 344,438 | 54.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 107,240 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 99,539 | 15.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 50,523 | 76.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden (own refineries) | 36,122 | 5.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 30,932 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 22,209 | 51.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 16,895 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 12,933 | 29.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 12,581 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 12,528 | 26.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Qatar: no crude data | Qatar | 11,804 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 8,336 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 6,496 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 6,211 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 5,402 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 4,564 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 3,580 | 7.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,259 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 3,046 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 2,509 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 1,936 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2024-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-02 to 2024-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (36,122 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (12,933 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Qatar: no crude data (11,804 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3,580 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.