Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2024, Sweden's petrol supply was 477 kt: 89% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (54%), the United States (17%) and the United Kingdom (15%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway258 kt (est. 54%)United States83 kt (est. 17%)United Kingdom74 kt (est. 15%)Libya21 kt (est. 4%)Nigeria11 kt (est. 2%)Kazakhstan0.3 kt (est. <1%)Saudi Arabia0.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.4 kt (est. <1%)Sweden: crude origin not reported24 kt (5%)Denmark: crude not from imports5.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)426 kt (89%)Finland31 kt (7%)Denmark18 kt (4%)Netherlands2.4 kt (<1%)Sweden: petrol supply477 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Denmark
- Netherlands
- Norway258 kt (est. 54%)
- United States83 kt (est. 17%)
- United Kingdom74 kt (est. 15%)
- Libya21 kt (est. 4%)
- Nigeria11 kt (est. 2%)
- Kazakhstan0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Saudi Arabia0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported24 kt (5%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports5.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: petrol supply | 425,784 | 89.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: petrol supply | 31,324 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: petrol supply | 17,792 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: petrol supply | 2,449 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 230,894 | 54.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 71,889 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 66,726 | 15.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden (own refineries) | 24,215 | 5.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Finland | 23,924 | 76.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 20,735 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 11,326 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 9,128 | 51.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 5,958 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 5,315 | 29.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark | 2,553 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 1,442 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 796 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 657 | 26.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 437 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 341 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 283 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 239 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 188 | 7.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 171 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 132 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of petrol in 2024-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-02 to 2024-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (24,215 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (5,315 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (188 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.