Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2024, Sweden's road diesel supply was 848 kt: 68% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United States (13%), Finland (8%) and Denmark (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (45%), the United States (17%) and the United Kingdom (10%), and 20% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway381 kt (est. 45%)United States144 kt (est. 17%)United Kingdom83 kt (est. 10%)Libya37 kt (est. 4%)Nigeria9.1 kt (est. 1%)Côte d’Ivoire7.9 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan4.9 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins10 kt (est. 1%)United States: no crude data113 kt (13%)Sweden: crude origin not reported32 kt (4%)Denmark: crude not from imports16 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no crude data6.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.3 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)580 kt (68%)United States113 kt (13%)Finland64 kt (8%)Denmark45 kt (5%)Netherlands40 kt (5%)Norway3.9 kt (<1%)Qatar2.2 kt (<1%)Sweden: road diesel supply848 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- United States
- Finland
- Denmark
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Qatar
- Norway381 kt (est. 45%)
- United States144 kt (est. 17%)
- United Kingdom83 kt (est. 10%)
- Libya37 kt (est. 4%)
- Nigeria9.1 kt (est. 1%)
- Côte d’Ivoire7.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan4.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins10 kt (est. 1%)
- United States: no crude data113 kt (13%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported32 kt (4%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports16 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data6.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 580,334 | 68.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United States | Sweden: road diesel supply | 112,933 | 13.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 63,891 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 44,897 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 39,587 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 3,876 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 2,156 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 311,747 | 53.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 115,048 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 112,933 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 68,314 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 54,507 | 85.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 37,393 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden (own refineries) | 32,435 | 5.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Denmark | 18,221 | 40.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 15,772 | 35.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 10,474 | 26.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 10,412 | 26.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 9,384 | 14.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Denmark | 8,854 | 19.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Sweden (own refineries) | 7,878 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 7,519 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 5,713 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 4,930 | 12.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Norway | 3,876 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 3,321 | 8.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,160 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Qatar | 2,156 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 2,050 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 1,577 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2024-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2024-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-03 to 2024-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (112,933 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (32,435 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (15,772 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (6,032 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3,321 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.