Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2024, Sweden's petrol supply was 503 kt: 84% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Denmark (7%) and Finland (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (57%), the United States (16%) and the United Kingdom (7%), and 11% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway286 kt (est. 57%)United States83 kt (est. 16%)United Kingdom37 kt (est. 7%)Libya17 kt (est. 3%)Nigeria15 kt (est. 3%)Côte d’Ivoire6.1 kt (est. 1%)Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins2.2 kt (est. <1%)Sweden: crude origin not reported38 kt (8%)Denmark: crude not from imports14 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.5 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)421 kt (84%)Denmark37 kt (7%)Finland36 kt (7%)Netherlands8.5 kt (2%)Sweden: petrol supply503 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Denmark
- Finland
- Netherlands
- Norway286 kt (est. 57%)
- United States83 kt (est. 16%)
- United Kingdom37 kt (est. 7%)
- Libya17 kt (est. 3%)
- Nigeria15 kt (est. 3%)
- Côte d’Ivoire6.1 kt (est. 1%)
- Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins2.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported38 kt (8%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports14 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.5 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: petrol supply | 421,246 | 83.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Denmark | Sweden: petrol supply | 37,062 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: petrol supply | 35,996 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: petrol supply | 8,489 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 251,413 | 59.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 61,798 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden (own refineries) | 38,230 | 9.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 33,993 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 29,018 | 80.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Denmark | 16,680 | 45.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 14,867 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 14,810 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 14,309 | 38.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Sweden (own refineries) | 6,135 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 4,368 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 2,816 | 7.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Finland | 2,257 | 6.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 2,154 | 25.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,939 | 22.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 1,905 | 5.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Libya | Denmark | 1,685 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,359 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 941 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 939 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 630 | 7.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 465 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 61 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of petrol in 2024-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2024-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-05 to 2024-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (38,230 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (14,309 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3,467 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.